Module Better known as a solar panel, it is a configuration of photovoltaic cells laminated and framed in the shape of a panel. Modules convert solar radiation into electricity. Array One or more modules with mounting hardware wired together at a specific voltage. Charge Controller A power conditioning device that regulates battery voltage. Battery A medium for storing direct current electrical energy so that the PV system can provide electricity at night or when it is cloudy. Inverter A device which changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) to operate alternating current powered loads. DC Loads Appliances, motors, and equipment powered by DC.    AC Loads Appliances, motors, and equipment powered by AC.

An inverter converts the DC from the panels into AC. Most home appliances run on AC. Therefore, one would not be able to use most home appliances without an inverter.

Batteries must not be allowed to discharge too deeply or be overcharged because either situation damages the batteries and reduces battery life. A charge controller prevents the batteries from charging once it reaches a fully charged state. It does this by disconnecting the panels from the battery bank. It also prevents additional energy from being taken from the batteries when a dangerously low battery level is reached by interrupting the supply of power to the loads.